sorry for the slow response....it must be frustrating getting stuck at this bloody spot!
Basically I would get a pry bar (maybe very small at first, maybe even a screwdrive if the fit is very tight) into the area pictured. The end of the drive shaft and the bronze coloured steel shield come out together, so get the bar underneath that bronzy disk and start prying. As it can require some force be careful.....levering stuff out is a really good way to hurt yourself when it does finally let go!
Or, since you have the cap off, in the diff centre as pictured are 2 small spider gears, the end of the driveshaft is inside the spider gear and you should be able to get something in there to pry it out too....the pic doesn't really show it because you are looking straight on, try looking from the right side back to the left and you should see the end of the shaft.
Failing all that....whereabouts are you? I'm actually in Canberra tomorrow night and can give you a quick hand if you haven't won....